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Impact of Comprehensive Diabetes Care on Glycemic Control and Health Outcomes

Lu Xi

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of comprehensive diabetes care on glycemic control and health outcomes among individuals with diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching electronic databases for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of comprehensive diabetes care interventions were included. The primary outcome of interest was glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c levels. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure control, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), diabetes-related complications, and quality of life. A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The comprehensive diabetes care interventions varied across studies but commonly included elements such as patient education, lifestyle modification, medication management, regular monitoring, and support from healthcare professionals. Meta-analysis revealed that comprehensive diabetes care significantly improved glycemic control compared to standard care (mean difference in HbA1c: -0.78%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.08 to -0.48). The interventions also resulted in improved blood pressure control (mean difference: -5.23 mmHg; 95% CI: -7.98 to -2.48), lipid profile (mean difference in total cholesterol: -11.85 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.64 to -6.05), and BMI (mean difference: -1.34 kg/m²; 95% CI: -1.97 to -0.71). Additionally, comprehensive diabetes care was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes-related complications and improved quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide robust evidence that comprehensive diabetes care interventions have a positive impact on glycemic control and various health outcomes in individuals with diabetes. Implementing comprehensive care approaches that address education, lifestyle modification, medication management, and regular monitoring can lead to improved diabetes management and better patient outcomes. Further research is needed to identify the most effective components and delivery methods of comprehensive care interventions for different populations with diabetes.