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Molecular Pathways: Organelles and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Dr. Rajmund Fletcher

Molecular pathways are intricate systems of molecular interactions that occur within cells, driving various cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, and metabolism. These pathways involve the coordinated activity of numerous proteins, enzymes, and signaling molecules that are organized into distinct signaling cascades. Understanding the molecular pathways that regulate cellular functions is essential for the development of new therapeutics and for advancing our understanding of biological systems. Organelles are specialized compartments within cells that perform specific functions. Each organelle is enclosed by a membrane that separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. The various organelles within cells include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Each organelle has its unique set of proteins and enzymes that function in a coordinated manner to carry out specific cellular functions. The importance of organelles in cellular function is highlighted by their involvement in numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders.